MSc B. Gönen

1. A 590 µW, 106.6 dB SNDR, 24 kHz BW Continuous-Time Zoom ADC with a Noise-Shaping 4-bit SAR ADC
   Mehrotra, Shubham; Eland, Efraïm; Karmakar, Shoubhik; Liu, Angqi; Gönen, Burak; Bolatkale, Muhammed; Van Veldhoven, Robert; Makinwa, Kofi A.A.;
   In ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC),
   pp. 253-256, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/ESSCIRC55480.2022.9911295

2. A 440-μW, 109.8-dB DR, 106.5-dB SNDR Discrete-Time Zoom ADC With a 20-kHz BW
   E. Eland; S. Karmakar; B. Gönen; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
   IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
   Volume 56, pp. 1207-1215, January 2021. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2020.3044896
   
   Abstract: ...

   This article describes a discrete-time zoom analog-to-digital converter (ADC) intended for audio applications. It uses a coarse 5-bit SAR ADC in tandem with a fine third-order delta–sigma modulator ( ΔΣM ) to efficiently obtain a high dynamic range. To minimize its over-sampling ratio (OSR) and, thus, its digital power consumption, the modulator employs a 2-bit quantizer and a loop filter notch. In addition, an extra feed-forward path minimizes the leakage of the SAR ADC’s quantization noise into the audio band. The prototype ADC occupies 0.27 mm 2 in a 0.16- μm technology. It achieves 109.8-dB DR, 106.5-dB SNDR, and 107.5-dB SNR in a 20-kHz bandwidth while dissipating 440 μW . It also achieves state-of-the-art energy efficiency, as demonstrated by a Schreier FoM of 186.4 dB and an SNDR FoM of 183.6 dB.

3. A 440-μW, 109.8-dB DR, 106.5-dB SNDR Discrete-Time Zoom ADC With a 20-kHz BW
   E. Eland; S. Karmakar; B. Gönen; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
   IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
   Volume 56, Issue 4, pp. 1207-1215, January 2021. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2020.3044896
   
   Abstract: ...

   This article describes a discrete-time zoom analog-to-digital converter (ADC) intended for audio applications. It uses a coarse 5-bit SAR ADC in tandem with a fine third-order delta–sigma modulator ( ΔΣM ) to efficiently obtain a high dynamic range. To minimize its over-sampling ratio (OSR) and, thus, its digital power consumption, the modulator employs a 2-bit quantizer and a loop filter notch. In addition, an extra feed-forward path minimizes the leakage of the SAR ADC’s quantization noise into the audio band. The prototype ADC occupies 0.27 mm 2 in a 0.16- μm technology. It achieves 109.8-dB DR, 106.5-dB SNDR, and 107.5-dB SNR in a 20-kHz bandwidth while dissipating 440 μW . It also achieves state-of-the-art energy efficiency, as demonstrated by a Schreier FoM of 186.4 dB and an SNDR FoM of 183.6 dB.

4. A 440μW, 109.8dB DR, 106.5dB SNDR Discrete-Time Zoom ADC with a 20kHz BW
   E. Eland; S. Karmakar; B. Gönen; R. van Veldhoven; K. Makinwa;
   In Dig. Techn. Paper IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSI),
   June 2020. DOI: 10.1109/VLSICircuits18222.2020.9162856.

5. A 440μW, 109.8dB DR, 106.5dB SNDR Discrete-Time Zoom ADC with a 20kHz BW
   Eland, Efraïm; Karmakar, Shoubhik; Gönen, Burak; van Veldhoven, Robert; Makinwa, Kofi;
   In 2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits,
   pp. 1-2, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/VLSICircuits18222.2020.9162856

6. A Low Power Continuous-Time Zoom ADC for Audio Applications
   B. Gönen; S. Karmakar; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
   IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
   Volume 55, pp. 1023-1031, 12 2019. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2959480
   
   Abstract: ...

   This article presents a continuous-time zoom analog to digital converter (ADC) for audio applications. It employs a high-speed asynchronous SAR ADC that dynamically updates the references of a continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CTDSM). Compared to previous switched-capacitor (SC) zoom ADCs, its input impedance is essentially resistive, which relaxes the power dissipation of its reference and input buffers. Fabricated in a 160-nm CMOS process, the ADC occupies 0.27 mm 2 and achieves 108.1-dB peak SNR, 106.4-dB peak signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR), and 108.5-dB dynamic range in a 20-kHz bandwidth while consuming 618 μW. This results in a Schreier figure of merit (FoM) of 183.6 dB.

7. A Low Power Continuous-Time Zoom ADC for Audio Applications
   B. Gönen; S. Karmakar; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
   IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
   Volume 55, Issue 4, pp. 1023-1031, 12 2019. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2959480
   
   Abstract: ...

   This article presents a continuous-time zoom analog to digital converter (ADC) for audio applications. It employs a high-speed asynchronous SAR ADC that dynamically updates the references of a continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CTDSM). Compared to previous switched-capacitor (SC) zoom ADCs, its input impedance is essentially resistive, which relaxes the power dissipation of its reference and input buffers. Fabricated in a 160-nm CMOS process, the ADC occupies 0.27 mm 2 and achieves 108.1-dB peak SNR, 106.4-dB peak signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR), and 108.5-dB dynamic range in a 20-kHz bandwidth while consuming 618 μW. This results in a Schreier figure of merit (FoM) of 183.6 dB.

8. A Low Power Continuous-Time Zoom ADC for Audio Applications
   B. Gönen; S. Karmakar; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
   In Dig. Techn. Paper IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSI),
   6 2019. DOI: 10.23919/VLSIC.2019.8778021

9. A Low Power Continuous-Time Zoom ADC for Audio Applications
   B. Gönen; S. Karmakar; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
   In Dig. Techn. Paper IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSI),
   pp. C224-C225, 6 2019. DOI: 10.23919/VLSIC.2019.8778021

10. A 280μW Dynamic Zoom ADC With 120 dB DR and 118 dB SNDR in 1 kHz BW
    S. Karmakar; B. Gonen; F. Sebstiano; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
    Volume 53, Issue 12, pp. 3497-3507, 12 2018. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2865466
    
    Abstract: ...

    This paper presents a dynamic zoom analog-to-digital converter for use in low-bandwidth (<1 kHz) instrumentation applications. It employs a high-speed asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADC that dynamically updates the references of a fully differential ΔΣ ADC. Compared to previous zoom ADCs, faster reference updates relax the loop filter requirements, thus allowing the adoption of energy-efficient amplifiers. Fabricated in a 0.16- μm CMOS process, the prototype occupies 0.26 mm 2 and achieves 119.1-dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 118.1-dB peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio (SNDR), and 120.3-dB dynamic range (DR) in a 1-kHz bandwidth while consuming 280 μW . This results in a Schreier figure of merit (FoM) of 185.8 dB.

11. A 280μW Dynamic Zoom ADC With 120 dB DR and 118 dB SNDR in 1 kHz BW
    S. Karmakar; B. Gonen; F. Sebstiano; R. van Veldhoven; K. A. A. Makinwa;
    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
    Volume 53, Issue 12, pp. 3497-3507, 12 2018. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2865466
    
    Abstract: ...

    This paper presents a dynamic zoom analog-to-digital converter for use in low-bandwidth (<1 kHz) instrumentation applications. It employs a high-speed asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADC that dynamically updates the references of a fully differential ΔΣ ADC. Compared to previous zoom ADCs, faster reference updates relax the loop filter requirements, thus allowing the adoption of energy-efficient amplifiers. Fabricated in a 0.16- μm CMOS process, the prototype occupies 0.26 mm 2 and achieves 119.1-dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 118.1-dB peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio (SNDR), and 120.3-dB dynamic range (DR) in a 1-kHz bandwidth while consuming 280 μW . This results in a Schreier figure of merit (FoM) of 185.8 dB.

12. A 280μW dynamic-zoom ADC with 120dB DR and 118dB SNDR in 1kHz BWA 280μW dynamic-zoom ADC with 120dB DR and 118dB SNDR in 1kHz BW
    S. Karmakar; B. Gònen; F. Sebastiano; R. van Veldhoven; K.A.A. Makinwa;
    In Dig. Techn. Papers IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC),
    pp. 238-240, 2 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2018.8310272

13. A 280μW dynamic-zoom ADC with 120dB DR and 118dB SNDR in 1kHz BWA 280μW dynamic-zoom ADC with 120dB DR and 118dB SNDR in 1kHz BW
    S. Karmakar; B. Gònen; F. Sebastiano; R. van Veldhoven; K.A.A. Makinwa;
    In Dig. Techn. Papers IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC),
    pp. 238-240, 2 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2018.8310272

14. A Dynamic Zoom ADC with 109-dB DR for Audio Applications
    B. Gonen; F. Sebastiano; K. Makinwa;
    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
    Volume 52, pp. 1542-1550, 6 2017. DOI: 10.1109/jssc.2017.2669022

15. A Dynamic Zoom ADC with 109-dB DR for Audio Applications
    B. Gonen; F. Sebastiano; K. Makinwa;
    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
    Volume 52, Issue 6, pp. 1542-1550, 6 2017. DOI: 10.1109/jssc.2017.2669022

16. A Hybrid ADC for High Resolution: The Zoom ADC
    B. Gönen; F. Sebastiano; R. van Veldhoven; K.A.A. Makinwa;
    Springer, , 2017.

17. A Hybrid ADC for High Resolution: The Zoom ADC
    B. Gönen; F. Sebastiano; R. van Veldhoven; K.A.A. Makinwa;
    In Proc. Advances in Analog Circuit Design Workshop (AACD),
    April 2017. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61285-0_6

18. Chopping in Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulators
    H. Jiang; B. Gonen; K.A.A. Makinwa; S. Nihtianov;
    In IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS),
    June 2017. DOI: 10.1109/iscas.2017.8050951

19. Chopping in Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulators
    H. Jiang; B. Gonen; K.A.A. Makinwa; S. Nihtianov;
    In IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS),
    pp. 1-4, June 2017. DOI: 10.1109/iscas.2017.8050951

20. A Hybrid ADC for High Resolution: The Zoom ADC
    B. Gönen; F. Sebastiano; R. van Veldhoven; K.A.A. Makinwa;
    In Harpe, Pieter; Makinwa, Kofi A. A.; Baschirotto, Andrea (Ed.), Proc. Advances in Analog Circuit Design Workshop (AACD),
    Cham, Springer International Publishing, pp. 99--117, April 2017. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61285-0_6
    
    Abstract: ...

    This paper presents a dynamic zoom ADC for audio applications. It achieves 109-dB DR, 106-dB SNR, and 103-dB SNDR in a 20-kHz bandwidth, while dissipating 1.12 mW and occupying only 0.16 mm2 in 0.16-$\mu$m CMOS. This translates to state-of-the-art energy and area efficiency. In this paper, the system- and circuit-level design of the ADC will be presented.

21. A 1.65mW 0.16mm² Dynamic Zoom-ADC with 107.5dB DR in 20kHz BW
    B. Gönen; F. Sebastiano; van R. Veldhoven; K.A.A. Makinwa;
    In 2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC),
    IEEE, pp. 282-283, Feb 2016. DOI: 10.1109/isscc.2016.7418017

22. Efficient Analog to Digital Converter
    B. Gönen; F. Sebastiano; K.A.A. Makinwa; R.H.M. van Veldhoven;
    Patent, 9,325,340, April 26 2016.

23. A 110dB SNR ADC with ±30V input common-mode range and 8¿V Offset for current sensing applications
    L. Xu; B. Gönen; Qinwen Fan; J.H. Huijsing; K.A.A. Makinwa;
    In M Romdhane; LC Fujino; J Anderson (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference,
    IEEE, pp. 89-91, 2015. Harvest Session 5.2.

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