Hydrogel Transistors

Solid-state silicon transistors underpin modern electronics, but their rigid structure and electronic charge transport are poorly matched to the soft, ionic nature of biological systems. Hydrogel transistors integrate transistor functionality within soft, water-rich materials, offering a promising route to mechanically compliant, biomimetic, and three-dimensional bioelectronic interfaces. 

In this project, the MSc candidate will be advised by Dr. Achilleas Savva (BE) and Dr. Filipe Arroyo Cardoso (EI).

Literature:

[1] A.E.A. Ramírez, D.P. van der Laan, M.B. Shah, L. Wang, E. Zeglio, A. Savva, Advanced Science, e13480, 2025.

[2] D. Liu et al., Increasing the dimensionality of transistors with hydrogels, Science, 390, 824-830, 2025

[3] H. Huang et al., The rise of hydrogel transistors, Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, 2025

Assignment

Duration: 12 months

Location: ME, BE, and EI Laboratories, and EKL/Kavli cleanroom facilities at TU Delft

In this project, you will:

1^st part:  Review the literature in the field.

2^nd part: Develop PEDOT:PSS/PAAm hydrogels – electrical and mechanical characterization.

3^rd part: Design, fabricate, and characterize hydrogel transistors

Requirements

• EE-Microelectronics MSc candidate are welcomed to apply.
• You are an ambitious student looking to tackle major challenges in detecting biosignals.
• You have a proactive attitude.
• You have good communication skills in English.

Interested students should contact Dr. Achilleas Savva (a.savva@tudelft.nl) and/or Dr. Filipe Arroyo Cardoso (f.arroyocardoso@tudelft.nl), by including their CV, the list of courses attended, and a motivation letter.

Contact

Last modified: 2026-01-23